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Objective@#To observe the association between puberty development and thyroid function among school-aged girls in Minhang District of Shanghai, in order to explore the effect of puberty development on thyroid function. @*Methods@#The study was based on a cohort of adolescent girls recruited in iodine-suitable areas of Minhang District, and the baseline and follow-up survey have been carried out from January to March 2019. The method of phased cluster sampling was used to select one junior high school in the east, south, north and middle of Minhang District, Shanghai, respectively. Finally, 464 new junior high school girls were included in the Cohort study for physical examination, and girls were followed up from January to March 2021. The Puberty Development Scale (PDS) was used to assess the stage of puberty. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were determined for each participant. Thyroid homeostasis structure parameters (THSPs) was calculated. Changes of Thyroid hormones at baseline and follow-up were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of thyroid hormones (THs) and THSPs changes with pubertal develepment.@*Results@#Serum TSH levels of female studentds decreased significantly, while their FT3 and FT4 levels increased significantly during the study period ( Z=-10.53, -4.71, -12.46, P <0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for co-variables (including baseline age, change of BMI and waist circumference), FT4 and thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) in the higher puberty category scores changes (△PCS) group were further reduced compared with those in the low △PCS group ( β =-0.66, -0.55 ). Compared to the late puberty at baseline and follow-up (BLFL) group, FT4 and TFQI showed higher decline in the pre-puberty at baseline and late puberty at follow-up (BPFL) group with the pre-puberty at baseline and end of puberty at follow-up (BPFT) group ( β =-0.55, -0.44)( P <0.05). There were no association of △TSH, △FT3, △FT4/FT3 and TSH index changes (△TSHI) with △PCS or the puberty pattern.@*Conclusion@#Serum TSH decreases while serum FT3 and FT4 increase among girls during puberty. Both the initial stage and the velocity of pubertal development are related to thyroid hormone fluctuations.
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【Objective】 To investigate the incidence of clinical massive blood transfusion in hospitals, the proportion of departments conducted massive blood transfusion and the current situation of component transfusion, so as to provide a theoretical basis for medical decision-making and further research on massive blood transfusion. 【Methods】 The basic clinical data and transfusion of blood components were retrospectively collected from 489 patients (514 occasions) who received massive blood transfusion at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan. 1 2014 to Dec. 31 2018. 【Results】 The incidence of massive blood transfusion during the 5-year period was 1.2/1 000 inpatients (95%CI: 1.1-1.3), and the 30-day all-cause mortality was 21.88%; in the departments where massive blood transfusion occurred, the mortality rate was the highest in the trauma emergency department (60%), followed by intensive care unit (56.25%) and other surgery department (46.67%), while there was no death in the obstetric department. All patients received red blood cells [median 14 U (11.5-19.13)] and plasma [median 1 600 mL (1 200-2 200)], of which 47% received platelet [median 0 U (0-10)] and 32.68% received cryoprecipitate [0 U (0-10)]. The results of logistics regression analysis of all-cause mortality risk showed that compared with the youth group, the risk of all-cause death at 30 days of elderly patients over 65 years old (65 80 years old: OR=7.563, 95%CI=[1.587, 36.049], P<0.05) and 24-hour RBC infusion volume greater than 18 U (18≤RBC<27: OR=2.948 95%CI=[1.592, 5.462], P<0.05; RBC≥28: OR=3.992, 95%CI=[1.178, 13.536], P<0.05) was higher. 【Conclusion】 A dynamic definition should be included in massive transfusion studies. If only a 24-hour RBC infusion volume ≥18 U was used as the mass transfusion definition, about 68% of cases would be lost. The mortality rate of patients with massive blood transfusion was higher, and the incidence of massive blood transfusion was higher in the departments of cardiac surgery, general surgery and orthopedics surgery. More attention should be paid to the increasing number of female patients with massive blood transfusion. In addition, the risk of 30-day all-cause death was highest in elderly patients over 65 years of age and those with a 24-hour erythrocyte transfusion level of ≥18 U.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) quantitative parameters in lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 79 patients with rectal cancers in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from November 2016 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent routine magnetic resonance image (MRI) sequence and DKI sequence examinations before the operation. The tumor region of interest (ROI) was delineated by two radiologists. Matlab software was applied to calculate DKI quantitative parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) in two groups, respectively; and the consistency analysis was performed by using the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). According to the results of postoperative pathology, all patients were divided into lymph node metastasis group and lymph node non-metastasis group; ADC, MD, MK of both groups were compared. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of DKI quantitative parameters in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer were plotted, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, the optimal diagnostic threshold was determined based on the Yoden index, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results:The ICC of ADC, MD and MK calculated by two physicians were 0.934 (0.833-0.975), 0.963 (0.905-0.981) and 0.971 (0.949-0.991), respectively, showing a good inter-observer consistency. Among the 79 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, 36 cases were in lymph node metastasis group and 43 cases were in lymph node non-metastasis group. MK value in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in lymph node non-metastasis group, and the difference was statistically significant (0.97±0.08 vs. 0.89±0.09; t = -4.07, P < 0.001), while the ADC and MD values in lymph node metastasis group were lower than those in lymph node non-metastasis group, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The AUC of MK value in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer was 0.735, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 55.56% and 88.37%, respectively. Conclusions:DKI quantitative parameter MK has a certain diagnostic value in predicting lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the down-regulation of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) expression during endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats.Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: normal control group (group C), acute lung injury (ALI) group, ALI+ AhR antagonist group, and ALI+ vehicle group. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 1 mg/kg was intratracheally instilled to develop the model of lung injury, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. At 2 h before LPS injection, AhR antagonist 6, 2′, 4′-trimethoxyflavone solution 5 mg/kg (diluted to 1 ml in dimethyl sulfoxide solution) was intraperitoneally injected in ALI+ AhR antagonist group, while dimethyl sulfoxide solution 1 ml was given in ALI+ vehicle group. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia at 48 h after LPS administration. The left lung was lavaged and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of CCSP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of CCSP in the bronchial epithelium in right lung tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with group C, the expression of CCSP in the bronchial epithelium was significantly down-regulated, and the concentrations of CCSP in BALF were decreased in the other three groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with ALI group and ALI+ vehicle group, the histopathological injury was significantly reduced, the expression of CCSP in the bronchial epithelium was up-regulated, and the concentrations of CCSP in BALF were increased in ALI+ AhR antagonist group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:AhR partially mediates the down-regulation of CCSP expression during endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats.
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Objective:To analyze the changes in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:Fourteen patients with ARDS induced by trauma, 8 males and 6 females, aged 19-80 yr, were studied. The severity of ARDS was graded according to the Berlin definition of ARDS after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Venous blood samples were obtained on 1st, 3rd and 5th days after admission to ICU, the plasma ET-1 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, the pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) was determined by PiCCO technique, and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) score and lung injury score (LIS) were assessed. Spearman correlation of plasma ET-1 concentrations with MOD score, LIS and PVPI was analyzed.Results:MOD score, LIS, PVPI and plasma ET-1 concentrations were significantly decreased in mild ARDS patients ( n=5) as compared with moderate ARDS patients ( n=9, P<0.05). The plasma ET-1 concentration was positively correlated with MOD score, LIS and PVPI ( r=0.69, 0.76, 0.62, P<0.001). Conclusions:Plasma ET-1 concentrations can reflect the pulmonary vascular permeability and even the severity of the disease in the early stage of ARDS, so it is necessary to carry out dynamic monitoring in the patients.
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Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of early serum lactate, albumin, and lactate/albumin ratio (L/A) on the 28-day prognosis of adult patients with sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients with sepsis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December in 2020. Gender, age, comorbidities, lactate within 24 hours of admission, albumin, L/A, interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and 28-day prognosis were recorded. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of lactate, albumin and L/A for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Subgroup analysis of patients was performed according to the best cut-off value, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn, and the 28-day cumulative survival of patients with sepsis was analyzed.Results:A total of 274 patients with sepsis were included, and 122 patients died at 28 days, with a 28-day mortality of 44.53%. Compared with the survival group, the age, the proportion of pulmonary infection, the proportion of shock, lactate, L/A and IL-6 in the death group were significantly increased, and albumin was significantly decreased [age (years): 65 (51, 79) vs. 57 (48, 73), pulmonary infection: 75.4% vs. 53.3%, shock: 37.7% vs. 15.1%, lactate (mmol/L): 4.76 (2.95, 9.23) vs. 2.21 (1.44, 3.19), L/A: 0.18 (0.10, 0.35) vs. 0.08 (0.05, 0.11), IL-6 (ng/L): 337.00 (97.73, 2 318.50) vs. 55.88 (25.26, 150.65), albumin (g/L): 27.68 (21.02, 33.03) vs. 29.62 (25.25, 34.23), all P < 0.05]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of lactate, albumin, and L/A were 0.794 (95% CI was 0.741-0.840), 0.589 (95% CI was 0.528-0.647), 0.807 (95% CI was 0.755-0.852) for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of lactate was 4.07 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 57.38%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of albumin was 22.28 g/L, the sensitivity was 31.15%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off of L/A was 0.16, the sensitivity was 54.92%, and the specificity was 95.39%. Subgroup analysis showed that the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the L/A > 0.16 group was significantly higher than that in the L/A ≤ 0.16 group [90.5% (67/74) vs. 27.5% (55/200), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the albumin ≤ 22.28 g/L group was significantly higher than that in the albumin > 22.28 g/L group [77.6% (38/49) vs. 37.3% (84/225), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality in the group with lactate > 4.07 mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the group with lactate ≤ 4.07 mmol/L [86.4% (70/81) vs. 26.9% (52/193), P < 0.001]. The three were consistent with the analysis results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Conclusion:The early serum lactate, albumin, and L/A were all valuable in predicting the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis, and L/A was better than lactate and albumin.
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Objective:To analyze the global epidemic data of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the prevention and control measures, learn about the epidemic characteristics, development trend and the main factors affecting the prevention and control effect, and provide reference for scientific prevention and control of COVID-19.Methods:The data of COVID-19 mainly came from the WHO website and the websites of the United States, European and other Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (the statistical time was from the beginning of the epidemic in each country to March 31, 2022). The epidemiological characteristics and trends in the world and major countries were analyzed, and the main factors affecting the prevention and control of the epidemic were studied. SPSS19.0 software was used to collate data and statistical analysis.Results:The worldwide cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 reached 1 million on April 2, 2020, 10 million cases on June 28, 2020, 100 million cases on January 25, 2021, 200 million cases on August 3, 2021, 300 million cases on January 6, 2022, 400 million cases on February 8, 2022, 489 million cases on March 31, 2022. From January 2020 to March 31, 2022, the interval between each additional 100 million cases was gradually shortened (about 360 days from the beginning of the epidemic to the increase to 100 million, the average time to increase from 100 million to 200 million, from 200 million to 300 million was 170 days, and the number of confirmed cases increased from 300 million to 400 million was only 33 days), the epidemic had accelerated. The worldwide cumulative number of death case was 100 000 on April 9, 2020, 1 million on September 19, 2020, 5 million on October 31, 2021, and 6.14 million on March 31, 2022. From January to October 2021, the average time interval for an increase of 1 million deaths was 97 days. After October, the growth rate decreased, averaging 121 days. At the end of 2021, affected by the Omicron mutation, the number of infected people worldwide increased sharply. By March 31, 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in all continents was Europe (181 million), Asia (141 million), North America (94.67 million), South America (56.09 million), Africa (11.55 million) and Oceania (5.58 million) from high to low. The cumulative deaths from high to low was Europe (1.77 million), North America (1.42 million), Asia (1.41 million), South America (1.28 million), Africa (0.25 million) and Oceania (8 900). The top 5 countries with cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 were the United States (80.14 million), India (43.03 million), Brazil (29.98 million), France (25.82 million) and the United Kingdom (21.28 million). The top five countries with accumulated deaths were the United States (980 000), Brazil (660 000), India (520 000), the United Kingdom (160 000) and France (140 000).Conclusions:COVID-19 is a global public health emergency. The epidemic has spread worldwide with strong infectivity, rapid transmission and great harm. It is suggested to focus on the prevention and control of key links, strengthen the early warning mechanism, continue to take scientific public health prevention and control measures such as vaccination, reduce severe case and death and deal with an ongoing challenge.
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Objective:To explore the influence of tomoxetine hydrochloride on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:From January 2018 to July 2021, 62 ADHD children who were treated with tomoxetine hydrochloride for the first time for(8±4) weeks were selected as the ADHD group.And 62 healthy children matched with age and sex were selected as the healthy control group.Pre-test and post-test by the Das-Naglieri: Cognitive Assessment System(DN: CAS) were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of all individuals.The differences of cognitive processing in pre-treatment and post-treatment of ADHD group were compared with those in healthy control group.The difference between before and after treatment of ADHD group was also compared.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was adopted for statistical analysis.The scores of ADHD group pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared by paired sample t-test, and the scores of ADHD group pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared with those of healthy control group by independent sample t-test. Results:Compared with healthy control group, there were lower of planning score((18.77±5.92) vs (28.56±5.55)), attention score((22.24±5.93) vs (29.56±6.16)), simultaneous processing ((34.21±7.75) vs (37.61±6.29)), successive processing((30.37±7.12) vs (33.74±5.43)), and the total scores((105.60±21.29) vs (134.84±22.87)) in ADHD group before treatment, and there were significant differences( t=9.49, 6.74, 2.68, 2.96, 7.36, all P<0.05). Compared with healthy control group, there were lower of planning score ((22.13±5.99)s), attention score((25.26±7.11) with significant difference( t=6.20, 3.60, both P<0.05) in ADHD group after treatment.And there was no significant difference in the simultaneous processing test and the successive processing test after treatment compared with the healthy control group(both P>0.05). In ADHD group, the scores of planning, simultaneous processing, attention, successive processing and the total score were significantly higher after treatment than those before treatment and there were significant differences( t=-6.03, -4.13, -4.77, -5.48, -8.59, all P<0.05). (2) Compared with the healthy control group, there were lower of matching number score and other 8 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were still lower of matching number score and other 4 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The matching number score and other 10 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group after treatment were all higher than those of before treatment(all P<0.05). Conclusion:The planning, attention, simultaneous processing, successive processing and total cognitive function of ADHD children were significantly improved after treatment with tomoxetine hydrochloride, special for simultaneous processing and successive processing.
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Objective:To investigate the gaze characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on dynamic threatening (fear, anger) and non-threatening emotional (sadness, happiness) faces, and to explore the correlation between their eye-tracking data and autism symptomatology scores to provide a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of children with ASD.Methods:From November 2020 to June 2021, 26 children with ASD and 30 age-and sex-matched normally developing children (typical developmental, TD) who met the enrollment criteria were included, and children with ASD were assessed for symptoms by the childhood autism rating scale (CARS). The SMI-red portable eye-tracking recording system was used to record the eye-movement gaze characteristics of children in both groups during free viewing of dynamic threatening and non-threatening emotional face segments.Statistical processing was performed by SPSS 21.0 software.The independent sample t-test and chi square test were used for the data conforming to the normal distribution, and the non parametric test was used for the data not conforming to the normal distribution, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between eye-tracking data and symptomatology scores. Results:The total CARS score of the ASD group was (32.64±7.42). The eye tracking data for children with ASD showed gaze aversion characteristics.Children with ASD spent significantly less time gazing at the eye area of threatening emotional faces in fear (2.41(0.26, 10.65)s) and anger (2.17(0.13, 6.13)s) than children with TD (8.81(2.54, 12.11)s, 5.21(3.80, 12.49)s), with statistically significant differences (fear: Z=-2.252, P<0.05.anger: Z=-2.793, P<0.01). Children with ASD spent significantly less time gazing at the mouth area of all four emotional faces (sad: 3.56(0.44, 7.16)s, fear: 2.68(0.42, 4.78)s, anger: 2.13(0.35, 4.20)s, happiness: 2.93(0.46, 5.71)s) than children with TD (sad: 11.43(6.97, 14.22) s, fear: 6.73(3.65, 10.10)s, anger: 6.86(4.55, 12.33)s, happiness: 11.72(7.22, 14.39)s), with statistically significant differences (sad: Z=-4.502, P<0.01.fear: Z=-3.493, P<0.01.anger: Z=-4.025, P<0.01.happiness: Z=-4.699, P<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that the time spent gazing at emotional faces in children with ASD was negatively correlated with the total CARS score ( r=-0.476, P<0.05), and further analysis of different emotional faces revealed that the time spent gazing at fearful faces in children with ASD was negatively correlated with the total CARS score ( r=-0.455, P<0.05). Conclusions:Eye tracking in children with ASD show a gaze profile with less gaze time to threatening emotional faces compared with TD children, and the more severe the symptoms in children with ASD, the less gaze time to fearful faces.
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Background Previous studies have confirmed that nicotine exposure is an independent risk factor for miscarriage, but it is not clear whether nicotine causes unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) through oxidative stress. Objective To explore potential mediating effect of oxidative stress on the relationship between nicotine exposure and URSA. Methods Using a 1∶1 matched case-control study, 88 patients with URSA visiting Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October in 2018 were selected as the case group, and 88 pregnant women without adverse pregnancy outcomes and seeking induced abortion in the outpatient clinic of the same hospital were selected as the control group. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in urine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the level of urinary nicotine was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α with the risk of URSA. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of nicotine with 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α. The potential mediating effect of oxidative stress on URSA after nicotine exposure was explored by dichotomous mediating model. Results The median concentrations (creatinine corrected) of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine of the case group were 7.78, 4.84, and 44.10 μg·g−1, respectively, while those of the control group were 6.48, 3.34, and 29.39 μg·g−1, respectively. The concentrations of nicotine, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2α in urine of the case group were all higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of conditional logistic regression model showed that after adjusting selected confounding factors, compared with the Q1 groups of nicotine and 8-iso-PGF2α, the OR (95%CI) values of URSA in the Q4 groups were 4.20 (1.33-13.29) and 6.25 (1.66-23.59), respectively. Compared with the Q1 group of 8-OHdG, the OR (95%CI) values of URSA in the Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups were 5.47 (1.43-20.93), 4.24 (1.28-14.07), and 6.36 (1.82-22.28), respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting confounding factors, there was a positive correlation between urinary nicotine and 8-OHdG in both the case group and the control group, and the b (95%CI) values were 0.76 (0.67-0.86) and 0.81 (0.67-0.95) respectively; there was a positive correlation between urinary nicotine and 8-iso-PGF2α in both the case group and the control group, and the b (95%CI) values were 0.65 (0.55-0.75) and 0.76 (0.64-0.87), respectively. The results of dichotomous mediating analysis showed that the mediating effect of 8-iso-PGF2α and its 95%CI on the relationship between nicotine exposure and URSA was 1.518 (0.749-2.311). Conclusion Internal nicotine exposure is a risk factor for URSA and is positively correlated with oxidative stress, and it may lead to URSA through lipid peroxidation damage.
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Objective:To investigate the immune characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein, especially the possibility of inducing antibody-dependent enhancement effect (ADE).Methods:Full-length SARS-CoV-2 M protein was prepared by prokaryotic expression system and purified. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously three times (on day 1, day 14 and day 21) by purified M protein. Serum samples were collected before immunization and after each immunization. The specificity of immune sera against M protein was identified by Western blot, and the antibody titers were detected by ELISA and neutralization test. In the presence of anti-M protein serum, the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in dendritic cells, nature killer cells, T and B cells was detected in vitro. Results:The immune sera from BALB/c mice immunized with purified full-length M protein of SARS-CoV-2 specifically recognized viral M protein. The titer of anti-whole virus antibody in immune sera was about 1∶400, but the antibody could not neutralize live virus. Moreover, the antibody could not help the virus to infect and proliferate in the various types of immune cells with Fc receptor (FcR).Conclusions:Non-neutralizing antibody induced by M protein could not cause ADE through FcR pathway.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The quality of life of patients with IBD is seriously affected. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex, among which immune factors are considered to be the predominant factor. Leptin is a hormone derived from adipocytes and recent studies have shown that it is involved in the regulation of immune cells and inflammatory signaling pathways. This review summarized the pathogenesis of IBD, the immunoregulatory mechanism of leptin and research progress in immune modulators, introduced the potential effects of leptin on the regulation of immunological homeostasis in IBD and its potential roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD, and discussed a possible immunotherapy method to treat IBD through leptin antagonist to reduce the inflammatory response and inhibit the inflammatory signaling pathways.
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The cases of paradoxical brain embolism (PBE) due to venous aneurysms and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are extremely scarce, with only 5 cases caused by popliteal venous aneurysm reported in the literature to date, while PBE caused by deep femoral venous aneurysm (DFVA) and PFO has not been reported. Herein, an unusual case of PBE in a 15-year-old girl with PFO who still had cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism after transcatheter closure was present. She was finally diagnosed as PFO with DFVA by angiography. Furthermore, clinical characteristics of 6 cases were summarized to improve the clinicians′ recognition of the rare risk factor of stroke-venous aneurysms of the lower extremity deep veins.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders.Impaired social functioning is a core characteristic of individuals with ASD.Social attention deficits are important manifestation of their impaired social functioning.And it mainly reflected in the gaze on faces and social interactions.Eye movement technology is an objective and sensitive non-invasive measurement tool.Its application makes the measurement of individual core characteristics of ASD more accurate and objective.A review of recent studies revealed that the type of eye-movement stimuli for social attention in patients with AD gradually shifted from face image processing to social interaction scenes, and developed from static presentation to dynamic presentation.Dimensional embodiment of the progress of eye-movement studies of social attention in individuals with ASD.These studies suggest that individuals with ASD are less likely to gaze at the face region and the eye region of the face.More studies are currently using eye-tracking technology, and the analysis of emotional face gaze reveals that, the reduction in eye gaze in individuals with ASD is due to the discomfort associated with threatening faces.These findings validate the " gaze aversion" hypothesis regarding impaired social attention in individuals with ASD.Related neural mechanism studies have found a general lack of attention to social cues in the environment in individuals with ASD.Brain regions such as the amygdala, cingulate gyrus, superior temporal sulcus and anterior insula are associated with social attention in individuals with ASD.Especially with the superior temporal sulcus, the dorsal and ventral sides of the anterior insula, and so on.Future research should explore the cognitive neural mechanisms of social attention deficits in ASD, and the application of advanced information technology, such as eye-tracking technology, in the rehabilitation of patients with ASD.
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Objective:To explore the effect of electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback combined with buspirone on patients with schizophrenia with anxiety, in order to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2020, 80 patients with schizophrenia and anxiety in Jinzhou Kangning Hospital were prospectively selected and divided into the study group and the control group by simple randomization, each group with 40 patients. The control group was given buspirone, and the study group was given EEG biofeedback combined with buspirone. Both were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy, adverse reactions and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI), Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI), Barthel Index (BI) score, and serum neuroendocrine index thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol (Cor) levels before treatment, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group: 95.0% (38/40) vs. 77.5% (31/40), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 5.16, P<0.05). After 4, 8 weeks of treatment, the PANSS scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group: (49.57 ± 5.65) scores vs. (57.96 ± 6.48) scores, (37.69 ± 4.35) scores vs.(45.07 ± 5.74) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After 4, 8 weeks of treatment, the HAMA and PSQI scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while the SSPI and BI scores were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After 4, 8 weeks of treatment, the serum TSH and Cor levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group: after 4 weeks of treatment: (2.74 ± 0.84) mU/L vs. (3.35 ± 0.97) mU/L, (276.51 ± 45.96) μg/L vs. (346.42 ± 50.34) μg/L; after 8 weeks of treatment: (2.46 ± 0.72) mU/L vs. (2.82 ± 0.86) mU/L, (197.26 ± 36.84) μg/L vs. (264.19 ± 42.46) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions:EEG biofeedback combined with buspirone can enhance the therapeutic effect by regulating neuroendocrine, reduce the mental symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders ofschizophrenia patients with anxiety. It can also improve social function and daily life ability, and have high safety.
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Objective:To statistically analyze SCI paper output and research hotspots of Chinese stomatology research institutes from 2011 to 2020.Methods:The papers of Chinese stomatology research institutions in the Web of Science database were searched and analyzed by bibliometric methods in various dimensions including publication time, institutional and journal distribution, international (regional) cooperation, and research hotspots.Results:The number and quality of publications in Chinese dental research institutions have increased significantly in the past decade, and the top four institutions in terms of publication number were Sichuan University, Peking University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Air Force Military Medical University. The distribution of the journals to which the articles belong was relatively scattered, and the research hotspots mainly focused on squamous cell carcinoma, periodontitis, bone regeneration, and materials science.Conclusions:The output of SCI papers and the number of high-quality papers in Chinese stomatology research institutions increased year by year during 2011-2020, and the scientific research strength continued to increase.
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Objective:To stimulate innovation vitality, the government promulgated the Pilot Implementation Plan for Granting Scientific and Technological Achievements Ownership or Long- term Use Right to Scientific Research Investigators. As one of the 40 pilot institutions, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital attached great attention to it and, through the exploration and practice of pilot work, combined with the transformation of medical institutions' achievements Status quo, summarized the experiences of job scientific and technological achievements empowerment. Methods:Explored the mechanism and mode to empower researchers with the ownership or long-term right of service invention according to the policy review and case studies.Results:Developed hospital-level empowerment reform program and related supporting documents, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital has completed the first empowerment work in Beijing.Conclusions:The reform of empowering scientific and technological achievements gives a new pathway to transform scientific and technological achievements in medical institutions, which will promote the transformation process of service invention-creation.
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Objective:To evaluate the change trend of smoking prevalence and the composition of main causes of death in Tianjin from 2010 to 2019.Methods:The study was based on the data collected in the Tianjin All Cause of Death Surveillance System from 2010 to 2019. A total of 699 372 cases were included in the study. The smoking prevalence, ex-smoking and never smoking prevalence were calculated according to different death years and gender. The proportion of smoking status was calculated according to the year of birth and gender. The distribution of smokers dying of smoking related diseases were calculated by different age-group. The change trend of smoking rate was analyzed by Joinpoint regression 4.9.0.0 statistical software. The diseases that smokers died of were expressed by proportion.Results:From 2010 to 2019, the smoking rate of dead residents decreased from 28.7% to 21.4%, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) was -3.0% (95% CI: -3.9%, -2.2%). The same trend was shown in dead residents of different genders. The proportion of ex-smokers showed an upward trend, from 10.5% in 2010 to 14.7% in 2019; The proportion of light smokers increased with the postponement of birth year. The proportion of light smokers born at and before year 1950 was 14.7%, while the proportion of light smokers born at and after year 1981 was as high as 85.9%; the proportion of heavy smokers decreased with the year of birth. Lung cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death of smokers and quitters. 13.86% of quitters died of lung cancer, which was slightly lower than that of smokers (16.39%) and significantly higher than that of non-smokers (5.55%). With the increase of smoking degree, the proportion of smokers who died of lung cancer also increased gradually, from 9.19% to 19.11%. Conclusions:From 2010 to 2019, the smoking prevalence of dead residents in Tianjin shows a downward trend, which is consistent with the change trend of the overall smoking prevalence of residents in Tianjin. Lung cancer, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease rank among the top three causes of death among smokers.
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The RNA m6A modification is not only an important strategy for mammal cells′ epigenetic regulation, but also the focus and hotspot of current research. Increasing evidence have revealed that the RNA m6A modification is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of human malignancy. The levels of RNA m6A modification and the changes of related modification enzymes in peripheral blood can provide clues for tumor diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis, and also the most potential novel-molecular indicator for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with multi-kinds of tumors. The emergence of novel detection-technology enables measurement of the whole level, high-throughput sequencing and quantitative detection of specific gene fragments or sites of RNA m6A modification. Research on novel high-throughput detection and single-gene RNA methylation editing technology to detect the modification level of specific gene m6A can provide ideas for further developing new indicators of accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with tumor.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21/23 level, trauma severity and prognosis in middle-aged and older adult patients with traumatic fracture.Methods:A total of 126 middle-aged and older adult patients with traumatic facture who received treatment in the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, China between June 2017 and June 2019 were included in the study group. Fifty healthy controls who concurrently received physical examination in the Second People's Hospital of Lishui were included in the control group. The study group was divided into five subgroups according to relevant criteria: mild, moderate, severe, poor prognosis and good prognosis. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), FGF21 and FGF23 were measured.Results:On admission, serum CRP, PCT, FGF23, FGF2 levels in the study group were (19.18 ± 5.66) mg/L, (0.71 ± 0.20) μg/L, (79.75 ± 18.62)μg/L,(52.10 ± 16.34) μg/L, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those in the control group [ (7.60 ± 2.61) mg/L, (0.30 ± 0.11) μg/L, (40.18 ± 10.33) μg/L, (30.11 ± 10.19) μg/L, t = 18.888, 17.750, 18.336, 11.032, all P < 0.001). On admission, serum CRP, PCT, FGF23, FGF2 levels in the study group were (19.18 ± 5.66) mg/L, (0.71 ± 0.20) μg/L, (79.75 ± 18.62) μg/L, (52.10 ± 16.34) μg/L, respectively, and they were significantly increased at 1 day [(21.59 ± 4.53) mg/L, (0.79 ± 0.22) μg/L, (83.85 ± 19.07) μg/L, (55.18 ± 16.55) μg/L, t = 3.72, 3.29, 1.56, 1.56, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P = 0.122, P = 0.122] and 3 days after surgery [(23.15 ± 3.16) mg/L, (0.80 ± 0.24) μg/L, (88.11 ± 19.80) μg/L, (59.70 ± 16.07) μg/L, t = 6.65, 3.12, 3.59, 3.77, all P < 0.05] , and significantly decreased at 7 days after surgery [(14.35 ± 4.02) mg/L, (0.52 ± 0.16) μg/L, (50.06 ± 15.50) μg/L, (32.18 ± 12.52) μg/L, t = 8.31, 8.58, 13.77, 11.11, all P < 0.001]. On admission, there were significant differences in serum CRP, PCT, FGF23, FGF21 levels between mild, moderate and severe groups ( F = 25.087, 15.851, 15.831 and 12.645, all P < 0.001). On admission, serum CRP, PCT, FGF23, FGF21 levels in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group ( t = 5.757, 4.984, 3.189 and 4.006, all P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis results showed that serum CRP, PCT, FGF23, FGF21 levels in patients with traumatic fracture on admission had a certain value in the prediction of poor prognosis. Combined detection of these four indexes had the highest value, with AUC (0.95 CI) of 0.877 (0.783-0.982). Conclusion:Serum FGF21 and FGF23 levels have a certain value in the prediction of severity and prognosis of traumatic fracture in middle-aged and older adult patients.